Urine Analysis Based on Sampling Time in Tramadol Abusers

Abstract

Background: Tramadol misuse may lead to addiction and numerous health problems. Urine testing using the immunochromatographic approach is one of the techniques used to identify tramadol. The timing of urine collection plays a crucial role, as it is related to the absorption, metabolism, and elimination phases of the drug. Objective: The aim of this research was to assess urine test results according to collection time among tramadol abusers using the immunochromatographic technique. Research Methods: This research used an experimental design combined with a descriptive method. The sample comprised urine from six tramadol abusers who met the inclusion criteria. Urine specimens were collected at one, two, four, and six hours after tramadol consumption, giving a total of 24 test units. The examination was carried out using a rapid tramadol test based on the immunochromatography technique. The data were assessed descriptively and presented in frequency distribution tables. Research Results: All urine specimens gave positive results at every sampling time. At 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after tramadol administration, all 6 samples (100%) tested positive at each respective sampling time. No negative results were found. Conclusion: Tramadol was found in every urine sample collected 1 to 6 hours after administration. The immunochromatographic test gave positive results throughout the entire sampling period.